Online Guide on Computer Hardware Assembling.

Outlook,

2006-01-27T10:33:00.000+05:30

Outlook

Make Outlook your default browser: Start/Run/rundll32.exe
shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL inetcpl.cpl,,5. Then change the mail
application to Outlook.

Importing:

Go to Outlook/Tools/Services/Add/Personal Folders/Ok. Browse to
the pst file you need to import. Search your system for files with a .pst
suffix. Then move/store them here: C:\Documents and Settings\<User
name>\Local Settings\Application Data\Microsoft\Outlook.

Import
from Outlook to Outlook Express

Outlook & Exchange
Solutions Center

Sharing Microsoft Outlook
Calendar and Contacts

To repair a damaged
Personal Folders PST file

HOW TO:
Import Contacts into Your Windows XP Address Book

Shared Address Books

Outlook & Exchange/Windows
Messaging Backup and Dual-Boot

Outlook
2002/2000 Add-in: Personal Folders Backup

How to
Back Up, Restore, or Move Outlook Data

OL2000: (IMO) How to Set Up Internet Mail Accounts

OL2000: (CW) Troubleshooting Outlook Configuration Problems

OL2002: (CW) Outlook Connectivity--Outlook Is Slow/Stops Responding, You Cannot
Open E-mail or Attachments

OL2000: Outlook Does Not Receive MSN E-mail Messages

OL2000: "Omi9.dll" Error Message or "Mapi32.dll" Error Message After You Upgrade
to Windows XP

OL2000: Errors in the Module Rtfhtml.dll

OL2002: Outlook Does Not Check for New Messages Automatically

OL2002: Error if You Use Your Contacts to Address a New Message

OL2002: Err Msg: This Operation Has Been Cancelled Due to ...

The OUTBACK Plus utility is designed to make it easy to create a
backup or archive file of your Personal Folder Information from Microsoft
Outlook™ 97, 98, 2000 and 2002/XP. Download
here.

Tip: Earlier versions of
Address Book gave you the option of using your Microsoft Outlook Contacts folder
in Outlook Express. If you accepted this option, Address Book became a front end
to Outlook, visible in Outlook Express and any other applications that used
Address Book. Contacts added via Outlook thus became accessible to Outlook
Express, and contacts added to Address Book by means of Outlook Express.

This integration with Outlook is still available in Address Book 6 (the version
shipped with Windows XP), but only via an undocumented registry edit. To share
contact information between Outlook and Address Book, open Registry Editor, and
go to HKCU\Software\Microsoft\WAB\WAB4. Add the DWORD value UseOutlook to this
key (if it isn't already present), and set it to 1. [MS-MVP Frank
Saunders]

Outlook - Newsgroups

news://msnews.microsoft.com/microsoft.public.outlook

news://msnews.microsoft.com/microsoft.public.outlook.configuration

news://msnews.microsoft.com/microsoft.public.outlook.General

news://msnews.microsoft.com/microsoft.public.outlook.installation

Outlook Express

Outlook Express Issues,
Tips, Spell Check, Mail/News Sharing & Auto-Dialing and Auto-Disconnect Options

Outlook
Express Support Center

How to
Register an Internet Browser or E-mail Client With the Windows XP Start Menu

How to
Uninstall Internet Explorer 6

How to
Reinstall or Repair Internet Explorer and Outlook Express in Windows XP

OLEXP:
How to Configure Outlook Express for Internet Mail

Tip: Outlook Express crashes when either
hitting enter or using HTML copy and paste: This can be corrected
by

downloading this patch: .MS03-020:
June, 2003, Cumulative Patch for Internet Explorer

Tip: Clicking on a link opens in a new window and
is empty: Start/Run and type this command: REGSVR32

URLMON.DLL. Ok/Reboot.
Then go to: IE/Tools/Internet Options/Programs/Reset Web Settings.

Tip: Set Outlook Express as default mail client - Start/Run and
type:

"C:\Program Files\Outlook Express\MSIMN.EXE"
/REG. Or use this edit:

Restore OE to the Clients List.

Tip: Re-install Outlook Express - Click Start, Run and enter %SystemRoot%\Inf.
Locate the MSOE50.INF file. Right

click it and select Install.

Tip: Mail and/or Folders are missing: Close OE. Tools/Folder
Options/View/Show Hidden files and folders.

Then do a Search for *.dbx...Open OE/File/Import.
Set search options to search hidden files, folders and system

folders. Inbox is
under a hidden folder.

Tip: Get HTTP Hyperlinks in OE to Open IE - Windows
Explorer/Tools/Folder Options/File Types. Scroll down to

URL:HyperText Transfer
Protocol/Advanced/Edit. Under Application used to perform action it should read:

"C:\Program Files\Internet
Explorer\iexplore.exe" -nohome

Tip: Prevent Account Changes in Outlook Express - Start/Run/Regedit

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Outlook
Express, Value Name: No Modify Accts, Data

Type: REG_DWORD (DWORD Value), Value
Data: (1 = enable restriction). Create new DWORD value called

"No Modify Accts" and set it to "1"

to enable the restriction or "0" to allow users to modify accounts. Restart
Outlook

Express for the change to take
effect.

Tip: Create a Shortcut to OE Mailto: Right click on the
Desktop/New/Shortcut. Paste this into the white box:

"C:\Program Files\Outlook Express\msimn.exe"

/mailurl:mailto: Go to Next, name it (ex) OE Shortcut, then hit finish.

Tip: Add OE Email Window (Internet Email Message) to the right
click - New. Go to Start/Run/Regedit and navigate to

this key: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\.eml.
Highlight .eml then go to Edit/New/Key. Name the key ShellNew.

Highlight ShellNew. In the
right pane right click in the blank area and choose New/String Value and name it
FileName.

Double click FileName and add
Email.eml. Close the registry (File/Exit). To test right click on your Desktop
choose

New and you will then see
Internet Email Message.

Tip: Create Your Own Throbber for
Internet Explorer & Outlook Express in Windows XP

Spell
Checker

Fix Spell Checking in Outlook
Express 6

Clicking Send or Running Spell Check in Outlook Express Runs Windows Installer
for Picture It!

Backup and
Restore Mail and News

Sharing Mail Between Operating Systems

Share Mail/News and the Address Book in Windows XP

Change the Location of Mail and News in Windows XP

Remove Unread Mail Notification

Unable
to Set Different E-Mail Programs for Different Users

Other
Outlook Express Issues - Kelly's XP Korner Outlook Express Page

Outlook Express Keeps Prompting for Your Password

OLEXP:
How to Configure Outlook Express for Internet Mail

Restores OE to
the E-mail clients list in Internet Options

How to
Reinstall or Repair Internet Explorer and Outlook Express in Windows XP

Unread Mail Notification,
Spell Checker, Backing up Mail and News, Sharing OE and Password Issues

Outlook Express does not access POP3 accounts after
setting up MSN Explorer

How to
Move Mail Folders Between Two Computers in OLEXP

Backing up OE4 to Import to OE6

Email Saver Xe utility is designed to easily create a backup or archive
file of your mail data from your favorite Email Client, which may easily be
restored when necessary. It supports the top 7 Mail Clients such as Outlook
Express (5.x and 6.0), Microsoft Outlook, Eudora (Pro and Light) and IncrediMail.

It allows you to backup and restore your messages, address book,
settings, mail and news accounts, message rules, blocked senders lists and the
signatures. All backup functions can be processed either separately or together
and the user can choose the identity to save or restore data.

The AutoBackup feature allows you to backup your important data daily, weekly or
at any time period of your choice. You can backup data on one computer and
restore on another, thus making Email Saver not just a backup utility but also a
synchronization tool. The program is easy to use and has a simplified user
interface, in the form of a wizard, very useful for beginners. The user
interface is multilingual. Download
here.
Support and FAQ's here.

Express Assist is a very easy to use utility to backup all of your Outlook
Express mail folders (including all attachments) as a single compressed, backup
file. You can easily restore one, all, or any selection, of the mail folders
saved in your backup file. In addition, you may synchronize your current Outlook
Express message folders with message folders saved in the Express Assist backup.
Express Assist provides full support for Outlook Express 4, 5, 5.5 and 6.0. It
operates on Windows 95, 98, ME, NT4, Windows 2000 and XP.

Express Assist also includes backup and restore of the Windows Address Book,
mail account settings, OE preferences, and the Internet Explorer favorites. You
are automatically reminded to backup after a number of days (which you may
specify). Express Assist makes it easy to move your Outlook Express mail between
machines and it simplifies the upgrade of your Windows and/or Outlook Express
installations. More information

here.
Download here.

Outlook Express Backup Wizard

Outlook Express Backup Wizard is an easy-to-use utility that
allows you to backup and restore your Outlook Express data. It saves email
messages, address book, message rules, list of blocked senders, accounts and
signatures into a single backup file; and restores the saved data back to
Outlook Express. More information
here.

Recovering a lost Message Store (IDX & MBX)

OLEXP
How to Back Up E-mail Messages in Outlook Express

OLEXP:
How to Back Up and Recover Outlook Express Data

OLEXP
How to Back Up the Account List

OLEXP
How to Back Up the Outlook Express Address Book and Mail Folders

OLEXP
How to Back Up Your Inbox Assistant Rules

OLEXP: How to Backup and Restore Outlook Express Blocked Senders List and Other
Mail Rules

Tip: DBX Extractor -

http://chattanooga.net/~scochran/DBXtract.htm

Tip: OE Tools -

http://www.tomsterdam.com/insideOE/tools.htm

Tip: Archiving Your
Outlook Express Messages:

If you have some really full Outlook Express folders that you'd like to empty
out without losing the messages, you can use the program itself to save your
messages. Just run Outlook Express and select the folder you want to save. Now,
click Create Mail and enter a name for your backup in the Subject line. Next,
drag all the messages you want to save from the selected folder into the new
mail message. You can use Ctrl + A to select all the messages.

Dragging the messages to the new mail message will attach all the files to the
new message. Choose File/Save As, locate a folder for your file and click Save.
Now, you can double-click your new file to read any of the saved messages.

Tip: Blind Copies In Outlook Express

Sending the same e-mail message to a dozen or so people. The thing is that you'd
rather each recipient not know who else is getting the mail. What you need to do
is use the Outlook Express blind copy option.

To do this, click Create Mail. If the "Bcc" entry box doesn't appear, choose
View/All Headers. Now, enter your e-mail address in the "To" entry box. Enter
all the recipient e-mail addresses in the "Bcc" entry box. Separate the names
with a semicolon. Type in the message and click Send. You will get the message
and all the other recipients will see that you are the primary recipient and
they are getting a copy--their own private copy. They will have no idea who else
is getting a copy.

Tip: Outbox Message Too Large To Send

Open Internet Explorer; go to File and select Work Offline. Close IE and open
Outlook Express. You will probably be prompted to go online to send your email.
Stay offline, delete the offending message, then go to File and click the Work
Offline option. Close OE, then reopen. All should be well.

Tip: Outlook Express Mail Accounts

If you have multiple mail accounts set up in Outlook Express, you may not be
able to tell easily which messages go with which accounts. However, Outlook
Express offers an Account column (it doesn't appear by default) that will show
you which account each message belongs with. To activate the Account column,
choose View|Columns. When the Columns dialog box opens, select the check box
labeled "Account" and then click OK to close the dialog box. The Account column
should now appear in your Outlook Express window.

Tip: Decode Email Attachments

Decode Shell Extension allows you to decode Internet email attachments simply by
right-clicking on a saved message file from Explorer and selecting Decode from
the menu. Download
here.

Tip: Outlook Express Runs Slowly after
Disabling/Removing Messenger. Only 3 Registry edits are required to stop

Messenger and get rid of the delay in OE.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Messenger\Client. Add the
following values as New, DWord Values: PreventRun, PreventAutoRun.
Set the value of each of these to1. Then go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Outlook Express

Add a New, DWord value called Hide Messenger and set the value to 2. (This
step is required to prevent a long delay when opening OE with the Contacts pane
enabled).

Start/Run/Regedit

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\CLSID\{FB7199AB-79BF-11d2-8D94-0000F875C541}\InProcServer32

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\CLSID\{FB7199AB-79BF-11d2-8D94-0000F875C541}\LocalServer32

For both, in the right pane, right click Default/Modify/Delete the value data.

Tip: Change Email Association

When you click the Start button, the resulting menu includes an "Email" shortcut
in the top-right corner. Not happy with Windows XP's email program choice--for
example, it says Outlook Express, but you prefer to use Outlook? Then change it.

Move your mouse pointer up to the Email item, Right click and select Internet
Properties. In the resulting dialog box, click the Programs tab. Under Internet
Programs, click the down arrow next to Email and select the desired program--in
this case, Microsoft Outlook. Click OK, and you'll see your change the next time
you click the Start button.

Alternatively, Right click the Start button or a blank area of the Start menu
and select Properties. On the Start Menu tab, click the Customize button next to
Start Menu. At the bottom of the resulting dialog box, click the down arrow next
to the selected email program and take your pick. Click OK.

Tip: Address Book

Move
your Address Book to a Safe Location

OLEXP:
Error Message: Address Book Failed to Load

OLEXP:
Mail Folders, Address Book, and E-mail Messages Are Missing After You Upgrade to
Microsoft Windows XP

Err
Msg: Address Book Failed to Load, Outlook Express Is...

OLEXP:
Outlook Express Address Book Does Not Load

Note: For KB Articles Q191946 and Q274745 (the above two), with OE
6, the value in:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Active Setup\Installed
Components\{7790769C-0471-11d2-AF11-00C04FA35D02} Should read "Address Book 6"
without the quotes.

Block Senders Rule Disappears

Close all open OE windows, then click Start, Run and enter REGEDIT Go to:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Identities\{GUID}\Software\Microsoft\Outlook
Express\5.0\Block Senders\Mail

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Identities\{GUID}\Software\Microsoft\Outlook Express\5.0\Block
Senders\News

The {GUID} part of the line above is a unique number for the Identity you're
currently using. Usually there will only be one.

Right click on the Block Senders\Mail and the Block Senders\News sub keys, in
turn, and select Export. This will give you two REG files which can be viewed in
Notepad (so you can salvage some of the list).

Then right click the Block Senders subkey and select Delete. Open OE, go to
Tools, Message Rules, Blocked Senders. The list will be empty. Close this
dialog, then close OE (don't ask my why, but it is a bit flaky).

Now open OE again, go back to Tools, Message Rules, Blocked Senders. Leave this
open. Locate the REG files you saved when you selected Export in the earlier
steps. Right click on each in turn and select Edit.

Each of the addresses you had Blocked previously are there. The reason for
exporting Mail and News separately is so that you can easily determine which
address goes in which group, should you be concerned about it.

Outlook Express - Minimize to Tray

From the developer: "PowerMenu adds some powerful new extensions to the windows
system menu. It adds the following extensions: -Minimize windows to the system
tray. -Make windows overlap other windows (always on top). -Set the parent
process priority of windows. -Set the transparency level of a window (Windows
2000/XP only). "Version 1.5.0 supports making console windows top most (under
NT) and new command line options."

Download Here.

Outlook Express - Mail
Washer

MailWasher is a powerful email checker with effective spam elimination.
Discover the safe way to stop unwanted viruses and e-mails before they get to
your computer.

Outlook Express - Virus Protection

OLEXP: Using Virus Protection Features in Outlook Express 6

Office

Office
XP Suite Support Center

Office XP
Resource Kit

Open With

HOW TO:
Specify the Program Used to Open Certain File Types

HOW TO:
Change File Associations in Windows XP

Outlook

Outlook Newsgroup

Outlook & Exchange/Windows
Messaging Backup and Dual-Boot

HOW TO:
Import Contacts into Your Windows XP Address Book

Shared Address Books

Outlook & Exchange
Solutions Center

Sharing Microsoft Outlook
Calendar and Contacts

To repair a damaged
Personal Folders PST file

Import
from Outlook to Outlook Express

Do a Search
Here: Outlook Issues

OL2000: Outlook Does Not Receive MSN E-mail Messages

OL2000: Error Message: Cannot Start Microsoft Outlook

Allow Opening Attachments in Outlook 2K/XP

Outlook - Minimize to Tray

Start/Run/Regedit

HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Office \ 10.0 \ Outlook \ Preferences

Data Type: REG_DWORD

Value Name: MinToTray

Data: 1 (0 to disable MinToTray)

Owner and Organization -
Change

Start/Run/Regedit

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion In the right
pane, double-click RegisteredOrganization. Under "Value data", type the name
that you want, and then click OK.

To change the name of the registered owner, do the following: In the right pane,
double-click RegisteredOwner. Under "Value data", type the name that you want,
and then click OK/Exit.

You can also change this information with a small VB Script
available

here.

Ownership

HOW
TO: Take Ownership of a File or Folder in Windows XP

Hard Disk - Activity

2006-01-21T15:29:00.000+05:30

Hard Disk - Activity

Run the Task Manager, go to the Processes tab, and turn on the following
columns: "I/O Read Bytes" and "I/O Write Bytes." This will give you details as
to which process is accessing the disk. Although many processes will be
accessing the disk a lot, look for one with a high total or a fast rate of
increase, especially when you hear the drive being accessed.
Hard
Disk Performance Is Slower Than You Expect

OFFXP: Hard Disk Runs Continuously After You Install Office XP

Hard Disk - Cleaning
Hard disks keep getting bigger and bigger, but somehow we still run out of space. MP3s and other media files are immensely popular–and simply immense. Programs are bigger, and data files are bigger. Windows Explorer isn't much help. It will tell you the size of all selected files in a folder, but nothing about the files in that folder's subfolders.

Enter
DiskPie2 a
utility to identify the biggest consumers of disk space. Pie charts let you see
at a glance which folders and file types are taking up the most space. The
charts are highly customizable, and can be printed.

An Explorer view lets you navigate to the folder you want to chart, and as a bonus displays the number of bytes in and below the selected

folder. DiskPie2

also can display and print a report of the largest files in the selected folder.
Armed with the information that DiskPie provides, you can decide how best to
allocate the space on your disk.

TreeSize: Every hard disk is too small if you just

wait long enough. TreeSize tells you where precious space has gone to. TreeSize
can be started from the context menu of a folder or drive and shows you the size
of this folder, including its subfolders. You can expand this folder in
Explorer-like style and you will see the size of every subfolder. Scanning is
done in a thread, so you can already see results while TreeSize is working. The
space, which is wasted by the file system can be displayed and the results can
be printed in a report. TreeSize is Mailware for Windows 9x/NT/2000/XP.
Download.

Hard Disk - Heavy Load

HeavyLoad simulates heavy activity on a PC, it allows you to
test if a workstation or server PC is working stable under heavy load. It
stresses processor, memory and hard disks, operating system, etc.
Download.

Harddrive Repair

Title: Harddrive Repair

URL:
http://www.my-hard-drive-repair.com

Description: Data recovery, hard drive repair,

recover files, tools, information and guide.

Title: Data Recovery

URL: http://www.my-data-recovery.com

Description: Hard drive recovery tools and tips,

guide for data recovery and repair.

Title: Quick Data Recovery

URL:
http://www.quick-data-recovery.com

Description: Info on data recovery and tools for

repairing your hard drive.

Hardware Detection

Troubleshooting Device Manager Issues

Hardware Profiles in Windows XP

To create a hardware
profile

You must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the Administrators
group in order to complete this procedure. If your computer is connected to a
network, network policy settings may also prevent you from completing this
procedure.

Open

System in Control
Panel.

On the Hardware tab, click Hardware Profiles.

Under Available hardware profiles, click Profile 1
(Current), and then click Copy.

Type a name for the new

hardware profile, and
then click OK.

You can customize your new profile by enabling or
disabling devices for that profile in

Device Manager.

Notes

To open System, click Start, click Control Panel, click Performance and

Maintenance, and then click System.

The profile named Profile 1 (Current) provides a
model for you to create new hardware profiles. It will not appear in the list
of available hardware profiles shown during startup.

To specify the
default hardware profile for startup

You must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the
Administrators group in order to complete this procedure. If your computer is
connected to a network, network policy settings may also prevent you from
completing this procedure.

Open

System in Control
Panel.

On the Hardware tab, click Hardware Profiles.

Under Available hardware profiles, use the arrow
buttons to move the

hardware profile you
want to use as the default into the top position in the list. During startup,
Windows will load only the

device drivers for
hardware devices that are enabled in the profile you select.

Under Hardware profiles selection, click one of the
options that specifies how long
Windows waits before automatically loading the default hardware
profile.

Notes

To open System, click Start, click Control Panel, click Performance and
Maintenance, and then click System.

If you want the default hardware profile to load
automatically without showing you the list during startup, enter a 0 in
seconds under Hardware profiles selection. If you decide later to select a
different hardware profile, press the SPACEBAR during startup and choose a
profile from the list.

To copy,
rename, or delete a hardware profile

You must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the Administrators group in order to complete this procedure. If your computer is

connected to a network, network policy settings may also prevent you from
completing this procedure.

Open

System in Control
Panel.

On the Hardware tab, click Hardware Profiles.

Under Available hardware profiles, click the
existing

hardware profile you
want, and do one of the following. Click:
- Copy to open the Copy Profile dialog box, and type
  a new name for the copy.
- Rename to open the Rename Profile dialog box, and
  type a new name for the selected profile.
- Delete to remove the selected profile.
Note

To open System, click Start, click Control Panel, click Performance and
Maintenance, and then click System.

Hardware and Software Detection

The Belarc Advisor builds a detailed profile of your installed
software and hardware. Download
here. In the Software Versions section you'll see all of your installed
software. At the end of each entry is a clickable asterisk that will take you to
the folder the software is installed in.

Hardware Malfunction - Call your hardware vendor for
support - The system has halted Error Message

Hardware Malfunction Results in System Error Message

Hayes

Windows XP
Drivers & INF Files

HCL - Hardware Compatibility List

Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility
List

Microsoft Support Policy on Hardware Not On Windows HCL

For More Information about Build Your own PC and Errors

Explorer Crashes, Error Messages - When Booting (Disable

2006-01-19T10:53:00.000+05:30

Error Messages - When Booting (Disable)

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Windows

Value Name: NoPopupsOnBoot
Data Type: REG_DWORD (DWORD Value)
Value Data: (1 = disable messages)
Stops the annoying Windows pop-up messages notifying you a device is not
functioning when you boot-up Windows.
Create a REG_DWORD value of 'NoPopupsOnBoot' in the key below (if it doesn't
already exist). Set the value to '1' to disable pop-up messages from appearing.

Error Message - When Booting: A Serious Error.....

Windows
XP Patch: System Recovery Error Appears After Every Reboot

You
Receive a "System Has Recovered from a Serious Error" Message After Every
Restart

Three other options:
Right Click the My Computer
Icon/Properties/Advanced/Performance/Settings/Advanced/Change. Set Page File to
0, ok your way out and reboot. Then follow the same procedure and reset the Page
File to System Managed File.

Right Click the My Computer
Icon/Properties/Advanced/Performance/Advanced/Virtual Memory/Change/No Page
File. Reboot. Then delete C:\Pagefil.Sys then revert the page file setting.

Right Click the My Computer
Icon/Properties/Advanced/Performance/Advanced/Virtual Memory/Change. Set the
swap file size to zero, reboot. Re-set to System Managed, reboot. Reset the
Custom setting, reboot.

Error Reporting - Automatic

windows XP contains a feature that allows your system to send error report

information directly to Microsoft. This information is collected and
analyzed to assist in spotting problems, and developing solutions/fixes for
them.

This feature can be customized as to what types of errors are reported, and what

information is sent to Microsoft, if you choose. Click Start, Run and
enter GPEDIT.MSC. Go to Computer Configuration/Administrative
Templates/System/Error Reporting. Various options can be enabled, disabled or
customized here.

You can also disable error reporting, or change whether Program Errors, System
Errors or both are reported. You can even specify which Program errors
will be reported. Right Click the My Computer
Icon/Properties/Advanced/Error Reporting and adjust the settings as desired.

Additionally, Error Reporting can be turned off in the Registry. Click
Start, Run and enter REGEDIT Go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PCHealth\ErrorReporting

Locate the
Value: DoReport and double click on it. Change the value to your desired
setting: 1 = Send Reports, 0 = Don't Send

Evaluation Expired

Windows
XP Evaluation Expiration Behavior and Error Messages

Event Log
One of the administrative tools in Microsoft Management Console,

Event Viewer maintains logs about program, security, and system events on your
computer. You can use Event Viewer to view and manage the event logs, gather
information about hardware and software problems, and monitor Windows security
events.

If Event Viewer reports on startup that one or more of your log files is
corrupt, you can remedy the situation as follows:

Disable the Event Log service. Restart Windows XP. Delete the corrupt log(s)—Appevent.evt,
Secevent.evt, and/or Sysevent.evt—from %SystemRoot%\System32\Config (or wherever
they may be).

Your existing event data will be lost, but a new log file will be created when
the service is restarted, and that log will start to accumulate new events.
Re-enable the Event Log service, and start the service. If the Event Log service
doesn’t restart successfully, then restart Windows XP. You cannot delete or
rename the log files while the Event Log service is running.

Event Viewer - Clear Log

start/Run/Eventvwr.msc. Right click either/each in the right

pane/Properties/Clear Log.

Executable Files

Cannot
Start Executable Programs (.exe Files) on Your Computer

You Are
Unable to Start a Program with an .exe File Extension

EXE File Association Fix for Windows XP

This download restores the default File Association for EXE files.

Download the REG file here and save it
to your hard drive. Double click the file you just saved and answer yes to
the import prompt. REG files can be viewed in Notepad by right clicking
the file and selecting Edit.

Explore - Processes

Process Explorer shows you information about which handles and DLLs processes
have opened or loaded.

http://www.sysinternals.com/ntw2k/freeware/procexp.shtml

Explorer - Right Pane Blank

Click in the blank right-hand pane. Press the Ctrl key and the + key (only the +
key on the numeric keypad)
Q179875 Windows Explorer Does Not Display Item's Contents in Right Pane

Explorer Crashes - No Desktop Icons and/or Start Button

Control/Alt/Delete - When the Windows Task Manager dialog box appears,
select the File menu and then New Task (Run). When the Create New Task dialog
box appears, type in Explorer and press the OK button. Windows Explorer should
restart complete with the Start button.

Explore Exe

Err
Msg: Explorer.exe Has Generated Errors and Will Be Closed...

Winsock Proxy May Cause an Error Message in Windows XP

Error
Message: Explorer.exe Has Generated Errors and Will Be Closed by Windows

Error
Message When You Start Windows Explorer: Explorer.exe Has Generated Errors and
Will Be Closed by Windows

Explore Here - Add to Every Folder

Start/Run/Regedit

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Shell\Explore. Value Name: (Default), Data Type:
REG_SZ (String Value), Value Data: explorer.exe /e,/root,"%1" Change the value
of '(Default)' to equal 'E&xplore From Here'. Create a new key under the
[Explore] key called command, and edit the (Default) value to equal explorer.exe

2006-01-16T15:39:00.000+05:30

Click the MS Knowledge Base reference number to go to that article with Description of the problem

1. Hibernation Problem on Computers with 1 GB of RAM [Applies to Windows XP]
2. RAM memory leaks and how to detect and isolate them [General article]

3. "Out of Memory" Error Messages with Large Amounts of RAM Installed [Applies to Windows 95/98/Me - Windows 98 SE (Second Edition) has trouble with 512MB of RAM and more. Windows
95/98/Me systems were not designed to use large amounts or RAM. Most home users of Windows 95/98/Me are unlikely to require this much RAM in any case, so, if possible, it's advisable to install less than 512MB. The fix is detailed in this article]

4. Insufficient RAM Memory to Load System Files [Applies to Windows 98 Standard Edition / Windows 95]

5. Computer Stops Responding During the Memory Check Phase of the Startup Process [Applies to Windows 2000 Professional Edition ]

6. How to Use a RAM Drive to Troubleshoot RAM Memory [Applies to Windows 95/Windows 98 Standard Edition/Windows 98 Second Edition]

7. Error Message - Insufficient Memory to Initialise Windows - when 1 gigabyte (1GB) or more of random-access memory (RAM) is installed [Applies to Windows 95/98/98 SE]

2005-12-29T17:09:00.000+05:30

An introduction to BIOS beep codes

When you power on your computer, the motherboard's basic input/output system (BIOS) first detects the computer's internal hardware configuration and then performs the power-on self-test (POST). The POST executes several diagnostic tests that check the basic functionality of the power supply, motherboard, CPU, I/O Bus Controller, RAM, keyboard, and video components. If the computer passes the POST, it will usually return a single short beep or two short beeps, depending on the BIOS manufacturer. If the POST detects any problems, it will halt the boot process and return an error message either visually on the screen and/or audibly through a series of beeps.

Unfortunately, there is no official standard for beep codes. Depending on the BIOS manufacturer, a keyboard controller failure could be three, four, five, or six beeps. While this document lists common BIOS manufacturer beep codes, you should always consult your motherboard's documentation, the manufacturer's Web site, and the BIOS manufacturer's Web site for a definitive beep code list for your particular BIOS. The information contained in the following lists was gathered from various BIOS manufacturers' Web sites.

2005-12-28T10:12:00.000+05:30

What Are Microsoft Windows Fatal Exception Errors :

Fatal exception errors are codes returned by a program, like this: Access to an illegal instruction has been encountered
Invalid data or code has been accessed
The privilege level of an operation is invalid
A fatal exception has occurred at xxxx:xxxxxxxx

In this document you will find some helpful links to MS Support about the most common fatal exceptions:

Q150314 - What Are Fatal Exception Errors
When you attempt to shut down your computer, start Windows, or start a program in Windows, you may encounter error messages that are similar to: A fatal exception XY has occurred at xxxx:xxxxxxxx

Definition of Fatal Exception 0E Error Messages
A Fatal Exception 0E is a Page Fault interrupt and typically occurs when the operating system tries to access virtual memory on a demand-paged basis and that "page" is missing or damaged.

Definition of Fatal Exception 0D Error Messages
A Fatal Exception 0D is an error message that is most commonly found, but not limited to, out dated or damaged video display adapter drivers and out dated multimedia software; however, this error message has also been know to occur when the Hsflop.pdr file is missing or damaged.

Q138788 - Bad RAM Causes Fatal Exception Errors Running Windows 95/98
Windows reports random "Fatal Exception Error 0x:xxxxxxxx" error messages even though your previous version of Windows or Windows for Workgroups did not.

Q182142 - "Fatal Exception 03H..." Error Message During Windows 98/Me Setup
When you install Microsoft Windows 98 or Windows Millennium Edition (Me), you may receive one of the following error messages when your computer first restarts during Setup: MPREXE.EXE caused an exception 03H in module USER32.DLL at . USR32.EXE caused an exception 03H in module USER32.DLL at

Q187214 - Err Msg: A Fatal Exception 0E Has Occurred at 0028:C02A0201...
While you are installing Windows and Setup restarts your computer for the last time, you may receive the following error message on a blue screen: A fatal exception 0E has occurred at 0028:C02A0201 in VXD IOS(04)+00001FC9.

Q189655 - Err Msg: A Fatal Exception 0E Has Occurred at 0028:
After you install Windows, you may receive the following error message when Windows starts: A Fatal Exception 0E has occurred at 0028:XXXXXXXX in VXD SYMEvent(02)+XXXXXXXX.

Q253798 - Windows Media Player May Stop Responding or Generate an Error Message When Streaming Media
When you try to stream media by using Microsoft Windows Media Player, you may receive the following error messages: Fatal exception 0E has occurred at 0028:... in VXD UNIMODEM. Fatal Exception 0E has occurred at 0028:... in VXD Logger. Tapisrv has caused an Invalid Page Fault in module Kernel32.dll.

Q191195 - Problems Using Media Player to Play .avi Files
You may receive any of the following error messages when you play audio- video interleave (.avi) files: A fatal exception 0E has occurred at 0028: in Vxd Vmwaudio (01)
-or- MMSYSTEM257 Invalid MCI device ID. Use the ID returned when opening the MCI device. -or- MMSYSTEM296 The file cannot be played on the specified MCI device. The file may be corrupt, or not in the correct format.

Q192803 - "Fatal Exception 0D" Using ATI All-in-Wonder Pro Video Adapter
A Fatal Exception 0D has occurred. Press any key to continue.

Q250005 - () Error Message: A Fatal Exception 0E Has Occurred in VxD SCSI1HLP
When you try to upgrade your computer to Windows Millennium Edition (Me), you may receive the following error message: A fatal exception 0E has occurred at xxxx:xxxxxxxx in VxD SCSI1HLP If you click Cancel your computer may stop responding (hang).

Q253241 - Fatal Exception 0E When Shutting Down Using a Matrox Video Adapter
When you try to upgrade your computer to Windows Millennium Edition (Me), you may receive the following error message: A Fatal Exception 0E has occurred at 0028:C00082CD in VxD VMM(01) +000072CD

Q252414 - Fatal Exception 0E Has Occurred in VXD mrtRate (01) When Printing
When you try to print you may receive the following error message: Fatal exception 0E has occurred in VXD mrtRate (01).

Q261404 - Error Message When Sending Computer into Hibernation Mode
When you request your computer to exit from Hibernation mode while it is in a docking station, and then you resend it into Hibernation mode while it is undocked, you may receive the following error message: Fatal Exception Error 0028:C156DAD1.

Q271754 - Exception 0E in Vredir.vxd During CoCreateInstanceEx() on Remote DCOM Server
If your network is set up as a workgroup, you have a drive mapped to a Microsoft Windows NT-based server, and you run a Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) program that attempts to start a remote server component on the Windows NT-based server, you may receive one of the following error messages on a bluescreen:
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition:
A fatal exception 0E has occurred at 0028:???????? in VXD VREDIR(??) + ????????. The current application will be terminated. * Press any key to terminate the current application. * Press CTRL+ALT+DEL again to restart your computer. You will lose any unsaved information on all applications. Press any key to continue.
Windows Millennium Edition (Me):
Windows An error has occurred. To continue: Press Enter to return to Windows, or Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to restart your computer. If you do this, you will lose any unsaved information in all open applications. File Name: VREDIR(06) + 00006C54 Error: 0E : 0028 : C02D2770 Press any key to continue. If you press ENTER, CoCreateInstanceEx returns RPC_S_CALL_FAILED (0x800706BE). The program may display the following error message: The remote procedure call failed.

Q275003 - "Exception 03h in Module..." Error Message Starting Windows Me
After use the Disk Defragmenter tool (or a third-party defragmenting tool) to defragment your hard disk, your computer continues to run correctly. However, when you restart your computer, you may receive any of the following error messages: Scandskw caused Fatal exception O3H in module user32.dll Mprexe caused an exception 03h in module user32.dll Statemgr caused an exception 03h in module user32.dll Rundll32 caused an exception 03h in module user32.dll Mstask caused an exception 03h in module user32.dll

Q281252 - Fatal Exception 0E in Scsi1hlp.vxd After Upgrading to Windows Millennium Edition
After you upgrade certain Compaq computers that were shipped with Microsoft Windows 98 or Microsoft Windows 98 Second Edition preinstalled and have a DVD drive to Windows Millennium Edition (Me), you may receive the following error message: A fatal exception 0E has occurred at xxx:xxxxxxxx in VxD SCSI1HLP. If you click Cancel, your computer may stop responding (hang).

What Are Microsoft Windows Fatal Exception Errors (2):

Q243037 - Error Message: Fatal Exception 0E in VxD IOS (04)
You may receive the following error message when you start or shut down Windows: Fatal Exception 0E has occurred at memory address in module Vxd IOS(04) + memory address.

Q189329 - Errors When Shutting Down Windows with Compaq FX-Series Monitors
When you try to shut down your Windows 98-based computer with a Compaq FX-series monitor, you may receive the following error message, or one similar to it: A Fatal Exception 0E has occurred at 0028:C001AEEB

Q162390 - "Fatal Exception 0D" Error Message Installing Program
When you are installing any program that uses the Windows Install wizard or the InstallShield installation program, you may receive the following error message: A Fatal Exception Error 0D has occurred in VxD VMM(01) + 00001840

Q179347 - "Fatal Exception 0E" Error Message When You Start Windows 95
When you start Windows 95, you may receive the following error message: A Fatal Exception 0E has occurred at 0137:

. The current application will be terminated. If you press a key to continue, one of the following symptoms may occur: You receive the following error message: A Fatal Exception 0C has occurred at 0137:

. The current application will be terminated. Your computer is restarted.

Q163329 - Fatal Exception 0E in WSIPX Using Windows Sockets Program
When you are using a program that uses Windows Sockets over the IPX/SPX protocol, you may receive either of the following error messages in Windows 95: A fatal exception 0E has occurred at <00xx:xxxxxxxx> in VxD WSIPX(01) + . The current application will be terminated. An exception 0E has occurred at <00xx:xxxxxxxx> in VxD WSIPX(01) + . This was called from <00xx:xxxxxxxx> in VxD NDIS(01) + . It may be possible to continue normally.

Q162211 - "Fatal Exception 0E" May Occur During Critical Suspend
On a computer (Windows 95) equipped with advanced power management (APM), a "Fatal Exception 0E" error may occur in VPOWERD if a critical suspend occurs while the computer is already in the process of suspending normally.

Q192925 - Fatal Exception Error Message in VXD IOS(04)
When you start your Windows 98-based computer, you may receive the following error message on a blue screen: A Fatal Exception 0E has occurred at 0028:xxxxx in VXD IOS(04). The current application will be terminated.

Q193494 - Fatal Exception Error Message in VXD VMCPD(01)
When you restart your computer after enabling the "Never use the numeric data processor" option in the Numeric Data Processor Properties dialog box in Device Manager, you may receive the following error message: A fatal exception 0D has occurred at

in VXD VMCPD(01)+000002DB. The current application will be terminated.

Q175211 - Fatal Exception Error When Opening or Closing Control Panel
If a scanner is installed in your computer, any or all of the following symptoms may occur: When you attempt to open or close Control Panel, or when you remove Network components in Network properties and then restart Windows 95/98, you receive on of the following error messages:
A fatal exception 0E has occurred at 0028:C029F7A1 in VXD IFSMGR(04) + 0000D4F1.
A fatal exception 0E has occurred at 0028:c0274274 in VXD IFSMGR(03) + 000CF7C.
After receiving one of these error messages, you can still use Control Panel, but the Speaker icon may no longer appear on the taskbar. This behavior may also occur in Safe mode.
When you start Windows 95/98, you receive the following error message: A fatal exception 0E has occurred at 028:C0282dB0 in VxD IFSMGR(03) + 0000 CF7C. Windows 95/98. Setup stops responding (hangs) while the Control Panel is being configured.

Q139771 - Fatal Exception Errors and Random Characters Using ATI Mach 32
When you are using the Windows 95 ATI Mach 32 video card drivers, you may see random characters on the screen or experience random fatal exception 0E errors.

Q192445 - Fatal Exception Errors in Wsipx.vxd
When you run a program that uses Windows sockets over the IPX/SPX protocol to transfer large quantities of datagrams, you may receive either of the following error messages:- An exception 0E has occurred at 0028:C1029F6C in VxD WSIPX(01) +00000DBC. This was called from 0028:C0043174 in VxD NDIS(01) +00000D7C - A fatal exception has occurred at 0028:C10297D1 in VxD WSIPX(01)+00000621. The current application will be terminated.

Q197004 - Fatal Exception in CDVSD Starting Windows 98
When you start your computer, you may receive the following error message on a blue screen: An exception 0E has occurred at 0028:C143EADA in VXD CDVSD(01) + 00001CFA. This was called from 0028:C18413E8 in VXD voltrack(04)+ 00000A18. It may be possible to continue normally.

Q182567 - Fatal Exception in Msgsrv32.exe When You Quit Windows 95
This behavior can occur if you have the Autodesk AutoCad Release 14 program installed on your computer, and the Graphics Display Interface (GDI) handle table has become damaged.

Q145836 - Fatal Exception in VMM(06) Caused by Damaged Registry
You may receive either of the following error messages in Windows 95: Windows Networking The following error occurred while loading the device driver Vnetsup. Error 6107: Could Not Setup Instance Data A fatal exception 0E has occurred at 0028:xxxxxxxx in VxD VMM(06) + xxxxxxxx While the exception number may vary, 0E is the most common.

Q177525 - "Fatal Exception 0D" Error Message After Pressing CAPS LOCK Key
If you press the CAPS LOCK key while you are typing in a box in any of the products listed above, you may receive the following error message on a blue screen: A Fatal Exception 0D has occurred... Other symptoms may include the screen turning black or the computer not responding (hangs).

Q192835 - "Fatal Exception 0D" Using Copy Disk Command
When you use the Copy Disk command in My Computer or Windows Explorer, you may receive the following error message after you insert the destination disk and click OK: Fatal Exception 0D has occurred at

in VxD V86MMGR (01)+ . In addition, the Performance tab in the System tool in Control Panel may indicate that your floppy drives are using MS-DOS Compatibility mode.

Q243037 - Error Message: Fatal Exception 0E in VxD IOS (04)
You may receive the following error message when you start or shutdown Windows: Fatal Exception 0E has occurred at memory address in module Vxd IOS(04) + memory address.

Q274370 - Error Message on a Blue Screen When You Try to Play Digital CD Audio
When you try to play digital CD audio, you may receive an error message on a blue screen that refers to one of the following files: Ios.vxd, Vmm.vxd, Vfat.vxd, Kernel32.dll, Cdvsd.vxd, Usbaudio.sys, Universal Serial Bus (USB) audio driver name...

2005-11-16T19:01:00.000+05:30

Ever wish there was a way to keep a disgruntled employee from destroying records or messing with files or NC programs? This is a scary time for an employer or manager - not knowing how an employee will react to an unfortunate situation like cutbacks or downsizing. Manufacturing companies today are having the screws put to them due to a suppressed market that has been long and difficult. Unfortunately, sometimes-good employees have to be let go. If not, the business will fold. It's a tough decision to make but one that many companies have had to face recently. Even more unfortunate, emotions sometimes run high and these employees feel they should make a "statement" about their unfortunate situation.

Today, the typical manufacturing company cannot afford to have an IT department watching over all their PCs, and other computing equipment, including their machine tool(s). Yes, their machines. Each of these machines has a computer inside that is completely vulnerable to attack - especially if the machine is connected to the company network. Besides attacks from the outside, inside attacks cause companies to lose productivity and money all the time. Removing one decimal point somewhere in an important revenue-generating program could cause many thousands of dollars damage to that machine tool and tooling - damage that cannot be repaired in many cases.

So what's a CNC machining company to do? You can't afford to staff more people or hire consultants to secure your network - after all that are why you had to lay someone off. Times are tough and the company is struggling to survive.

Help Is On the Way

Soon, security will be built-in to the PC on any motherboard. This will allow someone in IT, which can be anyone, to give someone access, or deny access to any PC in the company (whether on a desk or built-in to a machine control). So if you suspect there may be problems, access can be turned off ahead of time over a network connection. With the the right software, it will be easy. Okay so you've heard that before, but it really will be easy.

Security Gets Attention

In the year 2003, the number one word used in search engines last year was "embedded". Embedded refers to software loaded onto a small computer chip. For 2004, this will have a huge impact on security for companies looking to protect their data from viruses or attacks (from people outside, or inside, the company).

Some computing "Gorillas" have been getting together since the late 1990s (remember those days?) and formed a group to collaborate on ideas and come up with a solution. Some of these companies include AMD, Intel, Microsoft, Verisign, Wave Systems and many more. These products are finally hitting the shelves. Intel recently announced its new security-specific motherboard for PCs, the Intel D865GRH motherboard.

This motherboard has what's called a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) soldered onto the board. This TPM chip is a piece of hardware that will actually act as a "vault" for your PC, or the files or NC-programs stored on the PC. The files can be encrypted when they are saved, with the key to unlock the file, stored in the TPM. A matching "key" can be assigned to any user. For example, XYZ Corp. would have a key assigned to the owner, the manager and the NC-Programmer. At any time, the owner can take that key away, or give it to someone else. Beautiful, isn't it?

This "key" will allow the NC-programmer access to only the things he accesses: CAD CAM Software programs, NC-programs, Posts, Secured E-mail like Outlook, Internal Company Data (that only he needs to see), etc. For an administrative person, they would not have a key to the CAD CAM Software, or Posts, since this does not concern them. Their "keys" would allow them to have access to accounting software, employee records, etc. With the proper management software, the assigning of keys for new/old employees will be a simple drag-and-drop operation and managing everyone's access will be easy, so any owner or manager can act as the IT person in this regard.

By the end of 2004, this TPM-enabled motherboard will have plenty of company. The Trusted Computing Group (which came up with the idea) anticipates many more PC makers to jump on board in the first-half of the year, as well as many other motherboard manufacturers. Currently, this technology is available on select HP and IBM computers: HP 530d desktop series and IBM Thinkpad notebooks. Your company may already have some of these PC in the building. By the end of 2004, the group anticipates to see a majority of computing equipment in support of the specification so "Trusted Computing" is gaining traction, which is good for us all. It will make security more affordable to the smaller company, or single user.

So What Happens If I Lose My "Keys"?

No problem. This isn't like your car keys where you find yourself borrowing a coat-hanger from the dry-cleaner shop nearby. There are software companies that are making solutions available to prevent this from being a problem. One company, Wave Systems, which in August announced the availability of their Embassy Trust Suite software, will allow you to recover those keys if you lose them, or get a new computer and need to transfer everything from one PC to another. This software encrypts files and manages them easily so your worries of losing a key and never being able to get access to a file again are over.

What's more is that their software allows you to work with this security system across multiple brands of computers. So it doesn't matter if you bought one from Gateway and another from HP, or Dell. All of them will be able to work together as though they were meant to be.

So What about My Machine Tool?

Well, let's face it, the machine tool industry is always a little behind, but that doesn't stop you from calling them up and requesting they provide built-in security using the new motherboard design. More and more machine tools are being networked. As they are "plugged-in" to the company network, any virus that infects the company computer system can infect the machine tools. A hacker can delete key NC-programs or destroy CAM files or posts. If enough manufacturing managers and owners send emails and letters to these machine OEMs, the problem will be addressed more quickly, and the machine tools will be just another "secure PC" on the network. Once enough requests are made, the machine OEM will have no choice but to respond to the demand for more security, and contact the control manufacturers to "embed" security in the control. Don't let your machine tools be unsecured, secure them in the vault and protect your company from outside (or inside) attack.

For More information visit our network site: CNC Machines Info

DSL Digital Subscrib

2005-10-22T12:41:00.000+05:30

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) - Description
DSL is a type of broadband technology that allows for digital data to be sent at high speeds along already-existing copper telephone lines, while allowing for the transmission of analog (voice) data at the same time. Some of the most common variations on DSL include ADSL, HDSL, SDSL, and VDSL, all of which are considerably faster than an ordinary dialup Internet connection.

What Makes DSL Work

2005-10-22T12:39:00.000+05:30

What Makes DSL Work

I need to explain a few things first here, so bear with me. A sine wave is a basic type of wave. Sound can be divided into sine waves. Sound waves, or sine waves, are measured by the number of cycles they make in one second. The number of sine wave cycles sound waves make in one second is measured in hertz. The symbol for hertz is Hz. The sine waves created by human voices average 0 to 4,000 Hz. That means the sound of your voice produces from 0 to 4,000 sine waves made of sound in a single second. That 0 to 4,000 is considered your voice's range or frequency. OK. Now that we've gotten that out of the way: Telephone wiring is made of copper. That wiring is capable of transporting much higher frequencies, or more hertz, than just the frequencies your voice can produce. To put it another way, there's a lot more room on the wiring that's not being used. So the phone companies divide up the wiring to use it for other things as well, namely Internet usage. This may seem like common knowledge. But if you think about it, you download from the Internet more than you upload. You're downloading this article right now! But how often are you uploading? Maybe you send lots of emails, which aren't very wieldy, or a big attachment once in awhile. That's nothing compared to the website and programs you probably download. So the phone company makes lots room on the copper wire for frequencies dedicated to downloading from the Internet, and less for uploading. The phone companies uses higher frequencies on the wiring for both this internet uploading and downloading.. And by the way, the frequencies are higher than those used for both voice and faxes. This is how you're able to surf the web and talk on the computer at the same time! Have you ever wondered why you need to install filters on all your phones and fax machines when you install DSL? Well, the filters are to keep out those higher frequencies reserved for your internet data out of your phone and fax lines, and keep the frequencies you need to talk and fax with in. You can thank your DSL modem for helping the process. Transmission to and from the Internet is all data transmission. The modem is the tool that sends the data coming to and from your computer over the phone line to your phone company, while voice or fax signals may be coming at the same time. At the phone company a contraption called a multiplexed divides up the voice or fax from the data. Next it sends the data part to your Internet service provider, which takes care of the rest!

BUILD YOUR OWN PC. learn Heir !!!

2005-10-03T18:16:00.000+05:30

BUILD YOUR OWN DESKTOP PC (COMPUTER) GUIDE

Small form factors PCs are all the rage. But these days, you have to choose between a tiny, cube-shaped PC with limited expandability or a pizza-box style desktop unit with limited flexibility and performance. We're not completely satisfied with either option. Don't get us wrong -- we love the dinky cube-shaped powerhouses. Sometimes, though, you just want a little more.
We decided to build a compact form factor system using a Micro-ATX motherboard, but with a bit more flexibility than most mATX-based systems. Although typical mATX motherboards have one AGP slot and three PCI slots, most of the cases offer limited room. For example, you're often limited to low-profile AGP cards. Suffice it to say that "high performance" and "low profile" are not synonymous.

So we went hunting for the right components to build a killer small PC. Our criteria were simple:
The steps are:

Prepare A Computer Case.

Components Of A Motherboard.

Installing CPU.

Preparing The Motherboard.

Installing A Socket Style CPU.

Installing Floppy Drive.

Installing CD-Rom.

Installing Hard Disk.

Installing Video Card, Sound Card And Modem Card.

Final Checklist.

Prepare The Case

The Computer Case houses all the computer components. The first step is to slide the side panel off the case. Most side panels are secured by several screws. Inside the case are various regions that perform different functions.
The Power Supply, which will typically come installed in, the computer case supplies power to the computer via various sized Power Connectors and one larger ATX Power Connector.
The Motherboard Pan keeps the Motherboard in place using Brass standoffs or plastic connectors.
The Full-Height Drive Bay holds the computers CD-ROM, DVD, and CDRW drives. When these devices are installed the plastic plate on the outside of the computer case is snapped out to allow the computer user access to these devices.
The Half-Height Drive Bay contains the computers Floppy Drive, Hard Drive, as well as any other Half-Height devices E.G. Zip drive.
The PC Speaker issues various noises that give audio cues to the inner workings of the computer. For example when the computer first boots up, it emits a beep after successfully completing its self-test.
Your Computer case should come with a little bag filled with screws.

Chassis screws- these are little screws that are used to hold your computer cards in place.

Motherboard screws- these are used to fasten the Motherboard to the Motherboard pan.

Standoffs-These are either Brass or Plastic and are used to hold the Motherboard firmly in the case while at the same time keeping it from touching the actual metal case, which could cause a short in the motherboard.

Make sure you set the power supply to the proper voltage. 110v in the United States and 220v in other parts of the world.
You might have to install the little plastic feet on the bottom of your computer case. If you do, do it now.

COMPONETS OF A MOTHERBOARD

A- USB ports B-PS/2 ports C- Parallel port
D-Serial port E-ATX Power Supply F-AGP slot
G-PCI slots H-CPU slot I-Memory slot
J-IDE Controller K-IDE Floppy controller L-IDE controller
M-Clock Battery N-Audio Modem Riser slot O-Dip Switches

START

Your Motherboard is the backbone of your computer. It connects your peripherals into one cohesive unit called computer.
Before you actually install the Motherboard, you should first configure it. This is where purchasing a Motherboard with a coherent manual comes into play. The Manual will instruct you how to configure your Motherboard so that it will work with your CPU. This is accomplished by setting various jumpers and dipswitches. A Jumper is a set of two or three pins that jut out from your Motherboard. They are set by either capping or uncapping them with a little rubber cap. If they are uncapped then they are considered off, if they are capped then they are considered on. Your manual will tell you which jumper needs to be capped, based on what type of CPU you are using. There are some newer Motherboards that are completely "Jumper less" and are configured in the BIOS, (Basic input/output system, Pronounced "Bye-Os". Built into the motherboard is a chip that contains several programs that allow the computer to perform certain basic functions without the operating system. This allows the user to gain some functionality over the computer in order to install the operating system), with a special CMOS, (A type of chip that needs a very small amount of energy. This chip is usually used in the PC to keep track of the time, date certain system settings) program.

PREPARING THE MOTHERBOARD

Here is the basic procedure:

Each Motherboard has different configuration methods; so make sure to read the manual.
Set the voltage settings.

Set the jumpers to match the voltage for your CPU. Your manual should have a guide as to what your CPUs voltage should be or just read it from the chip itself.

Some boards are designed to detect the voltage automatically and then use the correct voltage. In this case, you will not have to worry about it.
You also have to configure your Motherboard so that it matches your Processor speed, and the Bus it was designed to work with. You tell the Motherboard about the processor through a roundabout way. You set the CPU speed by using a "multiplier" which is a number that when multiplied by the Bus speed equals the CPU speed. For example, if you have a CPU that was designed to work at 800MHz on a 100MHz bus, you would first set the Motherboard bus speed to 100MHz and would then tell the motherboard you are using an 800MHz CPU by setting what is called a multiplier to a setting of 8.0.

If your manual lists settings by CPU, just do as per the above information says.

THE LAST STEP

The last step to configuring your Motherboard is to make sure all the default settings are correct. This involves going through the manual and all the default dip and jumper settings match the ones on your motherboard.

TWO STYLES OF CPUS

Installing your CPU should not be a very difficult task. Anyone who has ever played with LEGO should be able to perform this simple yet vital task.
How to go about installing your CPU is dependant on what style of CPU you are using.
Currently there are two styles of CPU.

1. The socket style CPU is flat with a grid of pins that are inserted into the Motherboards CPU socket. Some popular socket style CPU's are the AMD Duron, and the Intel Celeron as well as the new AMD Thunderbird Athlons and the new Intel Pentium chips.

2. Then there is the Slot style CPU. The slot style CPU is shaped a bit like a cartridge and often has the cooling fan and heat sink built into it. Popular Slot style CPU's include the Intel Pentium III Slot 1 CPU's and the AMD Athlon Slot A CPU's. Manufacturers are veering away from the slot style CPU's as L2 memory is increasingly incorporated into the chip die, resulting in faster performance.

INSTALLING A SOCKET STYLE CPU

ORIENT THE CHIP

This involves locating Pin 1 on both the chip and the socket. This is easy to do. The chip is always marked at Pin 1. The mark may be a little dot on one corner, a slightly notched corner, or a mark at one of the pins under the chip. On the socket, there is usually a notch on one corner, or a big "1". These corners will be matched up for correct installation.

OPENT THE ZIF SOCKET

This is done by grabbing the lever on one side of the socket and opening it. Pull the lever from the closed, level position, to the open, vertical position. You may need to pull the lever out a little before it will open. Do this slowly and be sure not to force it. You don't want to break the socket. On the way up, you may experience a little more force. This is normal.

INSERT THE PROCESSOR

Bearing in mind the orientation determined in Step 1, insert the chip into the socket. With a ZIF socket, the chip should install very easily. It should almost fall into the socket with all pins lining up. If not, the socket is probably not open all the way.

CLOSING THE ZIF SOCET

Just close the lever. You will probably feel some resistance. This is normal and it should close anyway. If you really need to lean on it, check to be sure the chip is installed correctly. When down, make sure the lever snaps into place.

INSTALLING HEATSINK / COOLING FAN

Now you have to install your cooling fan and Heat sink. Most often the cooling fan and Heat sink will be sold together already attached. Otherwise you will have to screw the cooling fan to the Heat sink. The Cooling fan/Heat sink assembly is attached to the CPU via a metal clip that hooks onto the CPU socket. Alternatively it can be attached by applying a Thermal compound to the Heat sink which assures that the Heat sink is in contact with all of the CPU surface area.

INSTALLING A SLOT STYLE CPU

Slot Style Cup’s are much easier to install, especially since many of them have the heat sink and cooling fan built right into the protective casing. If that is the case with your CPU then installing it into your system is nothing more than lifting the CPU Rails that guide the CPU and sliding the CPU into the slot. The slot is keyed so your CPU cannot be inserted the wrong way. If your CPU doe not already have the Heat sink/Cooling fan installed, simply snap it onto the back of the CPU before sliding it into the CPU slot. It should be placed firmly into the slot till the top of the CPU clicks into the guide rails.

This SHOULD be one of the simplest steps in the whole process. Basically it amounts to finding the available memory slot on your Motherboard and snapping the chip in place. The memory module is keyed so if you have trouble inserting it you probably are trying to put it in the wrong way. Once you have the Memory chip in the slot, press down firmly till it snaps into place

First you have to place the motherboard in the case so that its holes are lined up with the cases holes.

Into each of those case holes screw in a Brass Riser; also known as a standoff.(Some cases come with plastic snap in risers). The risers keep the motherboard from touching the metal computer case and causing a short.

When the risers are in position, place the motherboard over the risers so that the holes and the risers correspond.

Fasten the Motherboard to the risers with the provided screws. If they come with washers, use them, as this will prevent the screws from accidentally shorting the Motherboard.

Next you need to install the various wires that connect your Motherboard to the computer case and power supply.

Connect the ATX power supply to the Motherboard. This is a big white 20-pin connector that plugs into the motherboard. It is keyed so don't worry about installing it the wrong way.

Your Computer case has connectors for your power and reset buttons as well as LED connectors that show system activity. Consult your Motherboard manual to see where in the motherboard these connectors should be placed.

INSTALLING FLOPPY DRIVE

A Computer Case usually has three or four half-height drive bays. Use one of the bays
that have a removable faceplate that will allow outside access to the floppy drive.

Snap the faceplate out of the bay that the floppy drive is being installed in.

Then slide the floppy drive into the bay through the front of the case. Make sure the floppy drive is oriented correctly. The eject button should be on the lower right hand side of the floppy drive.

Fasten the floppy drive into the case by inserting screws through the drive cage and into the floppy Drive. You should find holes along the side of the floppy drive specifically for this purpose

INSTALLING THE CD-ROM

CD-ROM drive installation is a fairly straightforward process.
Your first step is to make sure that all the jumpers are set correctly.

The back of a CD-ROM drive has three sets of jumpers. The MA jumper that designates the drive as the Master, The SL jumper designating the drive as a Slave unit, and CS mode where the computer decides whether the CD-ROM will be the Master or the Slave based on its position on the cable. If at all possible, the Hard Drive should be the Master connected to the Primary IDE controller on your motherboard, and the CD-ROM drive should be the Master connected to the Secondary IDE controller. If you need to connect the CD-ROM to the same IDE controller as the Hard Drive, designate the Hard Drive as the Master and the CD-ROM drive as the slave.

Once you have your Jumpers set you are ready to install the CD-ROM drive into the computer case. To do this first remove the two side panels of your computer case as well as the front faceplate of the bay you will be installing your CD-ROM drive into.

Carefully slide the CD-ROM drive into the drive bay making sure that the disc tray is facing the front of your computer. Mount the CD-ROM drive to the cage with small screws going from the slot in the cage into the specially designed holes on the sides of your CD-ROM drive.

Connect one end of the Ribbon Cable to your CD-ROM Drive and the other end to the IDE Controller slot on your Motherboard. If the Hard Drive and The CD-ROM drive are going to be connected to the same IDE slot, connect one of the center connectors to the CD-ROM drive and the end terminal reserve for the hard drive.

Next use the audio cable to connect the CD-ROM drive to your sound card. This will allow you to play audio CD's through your computer

Plug in a Power supply connector and the CD-ROM drive is fully installed

INSTALLING THE HARD DRIVE

Installing the Hard Drive is very similar to installing the CD-ROM drive, which is why we lumped the two together on the same page.

Before installing the Hard Drive you first have to make sure that the jumpers are set properly. Its best to keep your hard drive as the master. Typically, computer setups have two IDE channels which usually hold a Hard Drive and a CD-ROM drive. These channels are able to control two devices, this gives you an availability of four devices on one system. If you plan on building a typical system then make both the CD-ROM drive and the hard drive masters, and plug each of them into a separate IDE channel. If you plan on having more than two drives than keep your main hard drive and CD-ROM drive as the master and set any additional devices as slaves.

This is an example of the back of a fairly standard hard drive. Different companies have different jumper configurations though, so be sure and check your manual and the schematic on the top of your hard drive to be sure of what is correct for your system.

* Cable Select (CS) systems utilize a special cable configuration where the hard drive’s position on the ATA cable determines its master or slave status. In this type of configuration, both drives must have their jumpers set to CS.

Once your jumpers are set properly, slide the hard drive into one of the open half-height bays. You do not need to remove any plastic panels since the hard drive does not need accessibility from the outside.

Insert small screws through the drive bay and into the hard drive on both sides to fasten it securely to the computer case.

Connect the hard drive to the motherboard with the ribbon cable. Since the hard drive should be set to master, you should connect the terminal end of the cable to the drive.

Connect the power supply cable to the hard drive and your installation is complete.

INSTALLING VIDEO CARD, SOUND CARD AND MODEM

The first step is to determine if any of these components were integrated into your motherboard. If any of these components did come bundled into your motherboard you obviously don't have to worry about installing those components.

Installation of accessory cards is allot like playing with Lego. You find an open slot and plug it in. This is the easiest and least time consuming step in the computer building process. That being said there are a few things to be aware of.

The first step, determining the format of the card actually took place (or at least should have) when you purchased the card. Sound and Modem cards should both be in PCI form Video Cards are sold in PCI and AGP configurations. This Bus was created specifically for graphics cards and we recommend the use of it whenever possible.

First the Video Card. Install the video card into the appropriate slot (hopefully an AGP) by pressing down firmly (but not too firm) till it is well seated. Secure the Card to the computer case by fastening a screw to the case through the top of the card.

The sound card and modem are installed in the same manner in (hopefully) the motherboards PCI slots.

Your computer is now just about built!!! Now you need to double-check your work to make sure it was all done properly.

FINAL CHECKLIST
Here is a handy Checklist you can print out to help you make sure you completed all of your steps properly.

Make sure ALL your jumpers are set correctly. (If you have a jumper less motherboard make sure to do this when you first configure your BIOS)

Check all your cards and make sure they are seated properly and fastened to the Motherboard with a screw.

Check all wires and plugs to make sure that they are well connected. A loose plug can result in data errors.

IDE cables and power cables for both CD-ROM and hard drives should be secure and properly installed (The red stripe on pin 1). Check CD-ROM and hard drives to make sure the jumper settings are properly configured depending on whether they are a Master or Slave.

Make sure the IDE cable for the floppy drive is not installed the wrong way. (If it is you'll get a steady green light) Make sure the power supply is properly connected.

Make sure your memory is installed properly with the tab securely in the holder.

The CPU should be well seated in the slot/socket with the cooling fan/heat sink assembly firmly attached. The cooling fan power cable should be connected to the power supply.

Your ATX power supply should be connected to the motherboard.

The connectors to the Power switch, Reset switch, Power LED, HD LED, and speaker should be connected in the proper place as recommended by the motherboard manual.

Input and output cable connections

Power cable. PS/2 Key Board connecter. PS/2 Mouse connecter.

Monitor cable connecter. Speakers connecter.

After assembling the devices you will get a complete desktop computer

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